Dental Cleaning and Polishing, Scaling and Root Planing
During dental cleaning, the dentist/hygienist removes the calculus (tartar) and the plaque without damaging the tooth enamel, and the surface returns to being smooth and white. The inflamed gum tissue is removed as well, and that gives the gums a change to heal.
The dentist/hygienist polish the teeth to remove stain and plaque that is not otherwise removed during tooth brushing and scaling.